Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis

is a condition that occurs when a vertebra slips forward or backward compared to the adjacent vertebra. It can lead to deformity of the spin, narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis) or compression of the exiting nerve roots (foraminal stenosis). There are five major types of lumbar spondylolisthesis: Dysplastic spondylolisthesis is where the vertebra facet forms incorrectly before birth, allowing it to slip forward. Isthmic spondylolisthesis: Marked by a defect in a portion of the vertebra called the pars interarticularis, isthmic spondylolisthesis can be caused by repetitive trauma and is more common in athletes exposed to hyperextension motions including gymnasts, and football linemen. Degenerative spondylolisthesis: Cartilage degeneration causes arthritic changes in the joints of the vertebrae, generally in older patients. Traumatic spondylolisthesis: Traumatic spondylolisthesis is due to direct trauma or injuryto the vertebrae, often caused by a fracture of the pedicle, lamina or facet joints that allows the front portion of the vertebra to slip forward with respect to the back portion of the vertebra. Pathologic spondylolisthesis: abnormal bone, such as from a tumor causes a defect in the bone.

    Healthy Spine          Affected Spine

Symptoms of Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis symptoms can vary in severity and not all cases will present painful symptoms. Patients may report pain only when performing activities that involve the back, or they may have continuous pain in the area of the slippage, muscle tightness in the hamstrings or stiffness and pain in the thighs and buttocks. Some cases are discovered when patients ask their doctors about back deformities they have noticed themselves.

Treatment for Spondylolisthesis

A conservative spondylolisthesis treatment approach should be attempted for at least six weeks prior to any surgical decision. These treatments may include physical therapy with an emphasis on core muscle building, anti-inflammatory medications, low back pain treatment such as lumbar epidural injections, lumbar bracing, and rest. If these treatments fail to provide substantial relief, Spine Centers of America's board certified orthopedic spine surgeons may recommend laser spine surgery, specifically endoscopic foraminotomy. Performed under local anesthesia using a very small incision, this minimally invasive spine surgery has a high success rate and generally allows patients to get back to life with minimal recovery time.